#! /usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8; mode: python -*- """ A tiny modification of the method numpy.polynomial.Polynomial.__str__ to nicely display a polynomials. Cf. https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.polynomial.polynomial.Polynomial.html for more details about the original class. - *Online:* https://bitbucket.org/snippets/lbesson/j6dpz#file-nicedisplay_numpy_polynomial_Polynomial.py - *Author:* Lilian Besson, for http://perso.crans.org/besson/infoMP/oraux/solutions/PSI_Mat2_2015_25.html, - *License:* MIT Licence (http://lbesson.mit-license.org). """ from __future__ import print_function, division # Python 2 compatibility from numpy.polynomial import Polynomial class MyPolynomial(Polynomial): """ Small extension of the numpy.polynomial.Polynomial class to change its __str__ method. """ def __str__(self): """ Improved __str__ method to print nicely the polynomial as we write it in maths.""" coefs = self.coef res = "" for i, a in enumerate(coefs): if int(a) == a: # Remove the trailing .0 a = int(a) if i == 0: if a > 0: res += "{a} + ".format(a=a) elif a < 0: res += "({a}) + ".format(a=a) elif i == 1: if a == 1: res += "X + " elif a > 0: res += "{a} * X + ".format(a=a) elif a < 0: res += "({a}) * X + ".format(a=a) else: if a == 1: res += "X**{i} + ".format(i=i) elif a > 0: res += "{a} * X**{i} + ".format(a=a, i=i) elif a < 0: res += "({a}) * X**{i} + ".format(a=a, i=i) return res[:-3] if res else "" P = MyPolynomial X = P([0, 1]) # We define the monome X, to work with it efficiently # eg. 1 + 2*X + 17*X**3 def test(): """ Some tests of our improved ``__str__`` method. First, let start by defining the monome X: >>> P = MyPolynomial >>> X = P([0, 1]) # We define the monome X, to work with it efficiently >>> print(X) X And then a few other polynomials: >>> Q1 = 1 + 2*X + 17*X**3 >>> print(Q1) 1 + 2 * X + 17 * X**3 >>> Q2 = Q1 - 2*X >>> print(Q2) 1 + 17 * X**3 We can check that the negative signs work too: >>> Q3 = -1 - 2*X - 17*X**3 >>> print(Q3) (-1) + (-2) * X + (-17) * X**3 >>> print(-Q3) 1 + 2 * X + 17 * X**3 And with crazily long polynomials: >>> Q4 = (1 + 2*X + 17*X**3) ** 20 >>> print(Q4) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS 1 + 40 * X + 760 * X**2 + 9460 * X**3 + 90440 * X**4 + ... + 4064231406647572451819520 * X**60 >>> Q5 = (1 + 2*X + 17*X**3) ** 100 >>> print(Q5) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS 1 + 200 * X + 19800 * X**2 + 1295300 * X**3 + ... + 1108899372780782949283060780215564719143115314569706274981249422854766735454757111223455545827324114733078454801811428605952 * X**300 It works nicely ! """ pass if __name__ == '__main__': from doctest import testmod print("Automatic test of all the docstrings:") testmod(verbose=True) print("\nMore details on these doctests can be found online in the official Python documentation:\nhttps://docs.python.org/3/library/doctest.html") # End of the file